Shoulder Arthroscopy

What is shoulder arthroscopy?

Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat various shoulder conditions. It involves inserting a small camera (arthroscope) into your shoulder joint through tiny incisions, allowing your surgeon to view the joint and perform necessary repairs. This technique is commonly used for conditions such as rotator cuff tears, shoulder impingement, and frozen shoulder.

When is shoulder arthroscopy recommended?

Your doctor may recommend shoulder arthroscopy if you are experiencing:

• Rotator cuff tears: Damage to the tendons and muscles that stabilise the shoulder, causing pain and weakness.
• Shoulder impingement: When shoulder tissues become irritated and painful during movement.
• Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis): Stiffness and pain caused by inflammation and scar tissue in the shoulder joint.
• Labral tears or joint instability: Damage to cartilage or ligaments that support the shoulder joint.
• Bone spurs or arthritis-related damage: Bony growths or joint changes causing pain and limited motion.

This procedure is often recommended when non-surgical treatments such as physiotherapy, medications, or injections haven’t fully resolved your symptoms.

Preparing for your procedure

Before your arthroscopy, your surgeon will carry out a thorough assessment, including physical exams and imaging (such as X-rays or MRIs), to confirm the diagnosis and plan your surgery. They will also discuss:

• Anaesthetic options: Shoulder arthroscopy is typically performed under general anaesthesia or local anaesthetic with sedation.
• Medications: Inform your doctor about any medicines you are taking, especially blood thinners, which may need to be adjusted.
• Pre-surgery physiotherapy: Strengthening your shoulder before surgery can aid recovery.

Your surgeon will guide you through the process and answer any questions, ensuring you feel confident and well-prepared.

What happens during the procedure?

Shoulder arthroscopy is usually performed as a day-case procedure, lasting about one to two hours. The steps include:

• Anaesthesia: You will receive general or local anaesthesia to ensure comfort.
• Incisions: Small incisions are made around the shoulder to insert the arthroscope and surgical instruments.
• Diagnosis and repair: The surgeon examines the joint and treats the issue, such as repairing torn tendons, removing inflamed tissue, or releasing stiffness.
• Closure: The incisions are closed with stitches or small adhesive strips, and a dressing is applied.

Shoulder arthroscopy is less invasive than open surgery, meaning fewer risks and faster recovery.

Benefits of shoulder arthroscopy

• Minimally invasive: Smaller incisions mean less pain, scarring, and a quicker recovery.
• Improved mobility: Restores shoulder function and reduces pain.
• Accurate diagnosis and treatment: Provides a clear view of the joint for precise repairs.
• Same-day discharge: Most patients go home on the same day as the procedure.

Are there any potential risks or complications?

Shoulder arthroscopy is generally safe, but like any surgery, it carries some risks, such as:

• Infection at the surgical site.
• Blood clots or deep vein thrombosis (rare).
• Nerve or blood vessel damage.
• Stiffness or reduced range of motion.
• Recurrent symptoms if the underlying condition worsens.

Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you and provide guidance on how to minimise complications.

Recovering from the procedure

After surgery, your shoulder may feel sore and swollen. Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications will be provided to help you stay comfortable. Here’s what to expect:

• Immobilisation: You may need to wear a sling for a few weeks to support the shoulder and allow healing.
• Physiotherapy: Rehabilitation starts soon after surgery to restore strength, flexibility, and movement.
• Gradual recovery: Most patients return to light activities within six weeks, but full recovery may take three to six months depending on the condition treated.

Your surgeon and physiotherapist will provide a tailored recovery plan to help you regain shoulder function.

Looking ahead

Shoulder arthroscopy can significantly improve your quality of life, relieving pain and restoring movement so you can return to your daily activities. Following your rehabilitation programme and your doctor’s advice is essential for the best outcomes.

If shoulder pain or stiffness is holding you back, shoulder arthroscopy may be the solution you need for a healthier, more active life.