Nosebleed Treatment - Nasal Cauterisation

What is nasal cauterisation?

Nasal cauterisation is a straightforward procedure used to treat frequent or severe nosebleeds. It involves sealing the tiny blood vessels inside your nose to stop bleeding and prevent it from happening again. This procedure is often recommended when other treatments, like nasal sprays or first aid measures, have not worked.

Why might you need nasal cauterisation?

Nosebleeds, also known as epistaxis, occur when the delicate blood vessels in your nose rupture. While nosebleeds are often harmless, frequent or severe bleeding can be disruptive and may require medical attention. Common causes of nosebleeds include:

• Dry air: Irritation from dry environments, especially during colder months or with indoor heating.
• Injury or trauma: Picking your nose, blowing it too hard, or experiencing a direct hit to the nose.
• Frequent infections: Conditions like colds or sinusitis can irritate the nasal lining.
• Underlying conditions: Issues like high blood pressure or blood-clotting disorders may contribute to recurrent nosebleeds.

In most cases, nosebleeds occur in the Little’s area, a cluster of small blood vessels at the front of your nasal septum (the wall separating your nostrils). If these vessels are fragile or repeatedly damaged, nasal cauterisation may be recommended.

What does the procedure involve?

Nasal cauterisation is a quick and straightforward procedure, usually performed in an outpatient setting. It can be done on one or both sides of the nasal septum, depending on where the bleeding occurs. The process typically involves the following steps:

• Preparation:
  A local anaesthetic, often in the form of a spray or cream, is applied to numb the inside of your nose. This ensures that you feel little to no discomfort during the procedure.
• Identifying the bleeding site:
  Your doctor will carefully examine the inside of your nose using a small light or endoscope to locate the area causing the bleeding.
• Cauterisation:
  Once the bleeding site is identified, a chemical agent (such as silver nitrate) or a heated instrument (such as an electric cautery device) is applied to seal the blood vessels. This process helps prevent future bleeding by closing the fragile blood vessels.
• Finishing the procedure:
  Your doctor may apply a soothing ointment or nasal dressing to the treated area to promote healing and reduce irritation.

The entire procedure usually takes less than 30 minutes, and you can go home the same day.

What are the benefits of nasal cauterisation?

Nasal cauterisation provides effective and long-lasting relief from frequent nosebleeds.Benefits of the procedure include:

• Stopping recurrent nosebleeds.
• Reducing the need for repeated first aid or emergency care.
• Preventing complications from excessive blood loss.
• Improving your quality of life by addressing the root cause of the bleeding.

What are the possible risks and complications?

Nasal cauterisation is a safe and well-tolerated procedure, but like any medical treatment, it carries some risks. These include:

• Discomfort or pain: Temporary irritation or sensitivity in the treated area.
• Crusting and dryness: Common but manageable with saline sprays or ointments.
• Infection: Rare but treatable with antibiotics if necessary.
• Recurrent bleeding: Although uncommon, further treatment may be needed if nosebleeds persist.

Septal perforation: Very rarely, a small hole may form in the nasal septum. Your doctor will take precautions to minimise this risk.

Aftercare and recovery

After your procedure, you may experience mild discomfort or a stinging sensation in your nose, which typically subsides within a day or two. It’s normal to notice some crusting, dryness, or slight oozing in the first 24 to 48 hours. To support healing and ensure a smooth recovery:

• Moisturise your nasal passages: Use a saline nasal spray or ointment as advised by your doctor to ease dryness and promote healing.
• Avoid irritation: Refrain from blowing your nose, sneezing forcefully, or picking at the treated area to prevent irritation.
• Create a gentle environment: Use a humidifier and avoid dry, dusty environments or exposure to smoke.
• Avoid strenuous activities: Skip heavy lifting or anything that increases pressure in your nose for at least a week.

Most people recover fully within 1 to 2 weeks. If you take blood-thinning medications, consult your doctor about their use before and after the procedure to minimise any risks. By following these simple aftercare guidelines, you’ll help ensure a comfortable and effective recovery.