Hydrocele Surgery - Unilateral

What is a hydrocele?

A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds one or sometimes both testicles, causing a swelling in the scrotum. It is a common condition in newborns and usually resolves on its own. In adults, hydroceles may develop later in life, sometimes because of an injury, inflammation, or infection in the testicles or epididymis (the tube at the back of the testicles). Hydroceles are usually painless, but the scrotal swelling can increase over time, leading to discomfort, heaviness, or difficulty with physical activities.

What is hydrocele surgery?

Hydrocele surgery is a common procedure used to treat a hydrocele if it becomes large, causes discomfort. The operation involves draining the fluid and removing the sac to prevent future fluid accumulation.

When is hydrocele surgery is recommended?

Surgery for hydrocele is typically recommended when:

• The hydrocele causes significant discomfort or pain.
• The swelling affects patient’s ability to carry out daily activities.
• The hydrocele is large or persistent and does not resolve naturally over time.

Hydrocele surgery is a straightforward procedure that can effectively remove the fluid and prevent its recurrence. It provides long-term relief from the symptoms associated with the condition.

What does the procedure involve?

When patients arrive at the hospital, they will meet a nurse, the anaesthetist and their surgeon.

Hydrocele surgery is usually performed as a day-case procedure under general or local anaesthesia. The surgery itself takes around 30 minutes to 1 hour.

During the operation, a small incision is made in the scrotum to access the hydrocele. The fluid is drained, and the sac around the testicle is either removed or stitched to prevent future fluid build-up. The incision is then closed with dissolvable stitches.

Patients can usually return home the same day. A dressing will be applied to the scrotum to protect the area.

What are the potential risks and complications?

Hydrocele surgery is a safe procedure, but like all surgeries, it carries some risks. Possible complications include:

• Infection: There is a small risk of infection at the surgical site, but this can usually be treated with antibiotics.
• Bleeding or haematoma: Occasionally, blood may collect in the scrotum, causing swelling. This usually resolves on its own.
• Recurrence: In rare cases, the hydrocele may return, requiring further treatment.
• Scarring: Minimal scarring may occur at the incision site, but this is usually not noticeable.
• Testicular injury: Very rarely, damage to the testicle or surrounding structures may occur.

The doctor will discuss these risks before the procedure and provide guidance on how to minimise complications during recovery.

After the procedure

Recovery after hydrocele surgery is typically quick, and most patients can return to light activities within a week. patients may experience some discomfort, swelling, or bruising in the scrotal area, but this is normal and should subside within a few days.

To ensure a smooth recovery, patients should follow their doctor’s post-operative instructions carefully. Patients should:

• Avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and sexual activity for at least 2 to 4 weeks.
• Wear supportive underwear to minimise discomfort.
• Take prescribed pain relief to manage any discomfort.
• Keep the surgical area clean and dry to reduce the risk of infection.

Most patients can return to work and normal activities within 1 to 2 weeks, depending on the nature of their job and the speed of their recovery. The doctor will advise when it is safe to resume more strenuous activities.

Hydrocele surgery is highly effective in relieving the symptoms associated with a hydrocele. Most patients experience long-term relief from swelling and discomfort, allowing them to return to their usual activities without complication.

The procedure has an excellent success rate, and recurrence of the hydrocele is rare. A follow-up appointment with the doctor will ensure that recovery is progressing well and that no further treatment is needed.