Hydrocele Surgery

What is a hydrocele?

A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds one or sometimes both testicles, causing swelling in the scrotum. It is a common condition in newborns and often resolves on its own. In adults, hydroceles may develop later in life due to injury, inflammation, or infection in the testicles or epididymis (the tube at the back of the testicles).

Hydroceles are usually painless, but the swelling can increase over time, leading to feelings of discomfort, heaviness, or difficulty with physical activities. While it is not typically harmful, a hydrocele can become bothersome if it grows larger.

What is hydrocele surgery?

Hydrocele surgery is a simple and effective procedure to treat hydroceles that do not resolve on their own or cause discomfort. The operation involves draining the fluid and removing or stitching the sac to prevent it from filling again. This surgery provides long-term relief, reduces swelling, and helps restore normal scrotal appearance.

When is hydrocele surgery recommended?

Surgery is typically advised if:

• The hydrocele causes significant discomfort or pain.
• The swelling interferes with your daily activities or physical movements.
• The hydrocele is large, persistent, or does not resolve over time.

Hydrocele surgery is straightforward and highly effective, offering lasting relief from the symptoms associated with this condition.

What happens during the procedure?

When you arrive at the hospital, you will meet the nurse, anaesthetist, and surgeon, who will explain the process and answer any questions.

The surgery is usually performed as a day-case procedure, meaning you can go home the same day. It can be carried out under general anaesthesia or, in some cases, local anaesthesia. The operation itself typically takes 30 minutes to 1 hour.

During the procedure:

• A small incision is made in the scrotum to access the hydrocele.
• The fluid is drained, and the sac around the testicle is either removed or stitched to prevent future fluid build-up.
• The incision is closed with dissolvable stitches, and a dressing is applied to protect the area.

What are the benefits of hydrocele surgery?

• Symptom relief: Reduces swelling, heaviness, and discomfort in the scrotum.
• Improved mobility: Restores your ability to carry out normal activities without hindrance.
• Long-lasting results: Prevents the hydrocele from recurring in most cases.
• Boosted confidence: Improves the scrotal appearance and alleviates concerns caused by noticeable swelling.

What are the potential risks and complications?

Hydrocele surgery is generally very safe, but like all surgeries, it carries some risks:

• Infection: A small risk of infection at the incision site, usually treatable with antibiotics.
• Bleeding or haematoma: Blood may collect in the scrotum, causing temporary swelling.
• Recurrence: Rarely, the hydrocele may return and require further treatment.
• Minimal scarring: The incision site may leave a small scar, but it is usually not noticeable.
• Testicular injury: In very rare cases, there may be damage to the testicle or surrounding structures.

Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you beforehand and provide guidance on minimising complications during recovery.

What to expect after surgery

Recovery after hydrocele surgery is usually quick and straightforward. You may experience mild discomfort, swelling, or bruising in the scrotal area, but this typically improves within a few days.

To ensure a smooth recovery:

• Avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, or sexual activity for 2 to 4 weeks.
• Wear supportive underwear to minimise discomfort.
• Take prescribed pain relief to manage any soreness.
• Keep the surgical area clean and dry to reduce the risk of infection.

Most patients can return to work or normal daily activities within 1 to 2 weeks, depending on the nature of their job and how quickly they recover. Your surgeon will advise you on when it is safe to resume more strenuous activities like exercise.

Long-term outcomes

Hydrocele surgery has an excellent success rate. Most patients experience long-term relief from swelling and discomfort, allowing them to return to their regular activities without complications.

In rare cases, the hydrocele may recur, but this is uncommon. Follow-up appointments with your doctor will ensure that your recovery is progressing well and no further treatment is needed.

Hydrocele surgery can improve your quality of life by alleviating symptoms and restoring normal scrotal appearance, giving you comfort and confidence in your daily activities.