Diagnostic Laparoscopy

What is a diagnostic laparoscopy?

A diagnostic laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to look inside your abdomen and pelvis to investigate the cause of symptoms such as pelvic pain, infertility, or unusual findings on scans. It is a key tool in diagnosing gynaecological conditions like endometriosis, ovarian cysts, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

The procedure is performed using a thin, flexible camera called a laparoscope, which is inserted through a small incision near your belly button. This allows your gynaecologist to clearly see your reproductive organs, including your uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, without the need for open surgery.

Diagnostic laparoscopy is safe, effective, and helps ensure you get the right diagnosis and treatment for your symptoms.

When is a diagnostic laparoscopy recommended?

Your doctor may recommend a diagnostic laparoscopy if you have:

• Unexplained pelvic pain that hasn’t improved with other treatments.
• Difficulty conceiving (infertility) and need further investigation of your reproductive organs.
• Suspected endometriosis, ovarian cysts, or other gynaecological conditions.
• Unusual scan results that need a clearer diagnosis.
• Chronic pelvic infections or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

The procedure allows your doctor to identify problems that may not show up on scans or tests, helping to guide the best course of treatment.

Preparing for diagnostic laparoscopy

Preparing for the procedure is straightforward, and your care team will explain everything clearly. Here’s what you can expect:

• Initial consultation: Your doctor will discuss your symptoms, medical history, and explain the procedure.
• Pre-operative tests: You may need blood tests or imaging (such as an ultrasound) before the procedure.
• Fasting: You will be asked not to eat or drink for 6-8 hours before the procedure.
• Medications: Let your doctor know if you take regular medications, including blood thinners, as you may need to stop them temporarily.
• Practical advice: Arrange for someone to accompany you and take you home after the procedure, as you may feel drowsy from the anaesthetic.

Take this opportunity to ask any questions so you feel confident and well-prepared.

What happens during the procedure?

A diagnostic laparoscopy is performed under general anaesthetic, meaning you will be asleep and won’t feel any discomfort. Here’s what happens:

• Small incisions: A tiny cut (around 1cm) is made near your belly button, and carbon dioxide gas is used to gently inflate your abdomen. This allows for better visibility of your organs.
• Inserting the laparoscope: A thin, flexible tube with a camera (laparoscope) is inserted through the incision. This provides a clear, magnified view of your pelvis.
• Examination: Your doctor will carefully examine your uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding tissues to look for any abnormalities.
• Additional instruments (if needed): If further evaluation is required, a few small incisions may be made to insert additional instruments. A small sample of tissue (biopsy) may also be taken for analysis.
• Completion: Once the examination is complete, the instruments are removed, and the small incisions are closed with dissolvable stitches or glue.

The procedure usually takes around 30–60 minutes, and you can typically go home the same day.

Benefits of diagnostic laparoscopy

Diagnostic laparoscopy offers several benefits:

• Accurate diagnosis: Provides a clear view of the pelvic organs to identify conditions like endometriosis, ovarian cysts, or adhesions.
• Minimally invasive: Small incisions mean less pain, quicker recovery, and minimal scarring.
• Guides treatment: Helps your doctor plan the most appropriate treatment based on a precise diagnosis.
• Improved fertility outcomes: Identifying and addressing conditions affecting your reproductive organs can improve your chances of conceiving.

Are there any risks?

Diagnostic laparoscopy is a very safe procedure, but like any surgery, there are small risks. These include:

• Infection at the incision sites (rare).
• Bleeding or bruising around the incisions.
• Injury to nearby organs (extremely rare).
• Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis), though precautions are taken to minimise this risk.
• Gas-related discomfort in the shoulders or abdomen from the carbon dioxide used during the procedure (this usually settles within a day or two).

Your doctor will explain these risks and provide clear aftercare advice to reduce complications.

Recovery after diagnostic laparoscopy

Recovery is generally quick, and most women can return to normal activities within a few days. Here’s what to expect:

• Mild discomfort: You may have some bloating, shoulder pain, or tenderness around the incisions. Pain relief, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, can help.
• Wound care: Keep the incision sites clean and dry. Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities for about a week.
• Activity: You can return to light activities after 2–3 days but avoid driving until you feel comfortable and alert.
• Follow-up appointment: Your doctor will discuss the initial findings with you after the procedure. If a biopsy was taken, results are typically available within 1–2 weeks.

If you experience severe pain, heavy bleeding, or signs of infection (like a fever or discharge from the wounds), contact your doctor promptly.

A diagnostic laparoscopy is a valuable tool for identifying and understanding gynaecological conditions. By providing a clear and accurate diagnosis, it helps you and your doctor take the right steps toward improving your health and well-being.

If you’re experiencing symptoms like pelvic pain or difficulty conceiving, a diagnostic laparoscopy could provide the answers you need.