Colposcopy

What is a colposcopy?

A colposcopy is a simple and quick procedure used to closely examine the cervix, the lower part of the womb that connects to the vagina. It’s often recommended if you’ve had an abnormal cervical screening result (smear test), or if your doctor wants to investigate symptoms such as unusual bleeding or changes to the cervix.

During the procedure, a special microscope called a colposcope is used to magnify and examine the cervix. This allows your doctor to identify abnormal cells or areas that may need treatment. Colposcopy is a vital part of cervical care, helping to detect changes early and prevent potential complications.

A colposcopy is a simple and quick procedure used to closely examine the cervix, the lower part of the womb that connects to the vagina. It’s often recommended if you’ve had an abnormal cervical screening result (smear test), or if your doctor wants to investigate symptoms such as unusual bleeding or changes to the cervix.

During the procedure, a special microscope called a colposcope is used to magnify and examine the cervix. This allows your doctor to identify abnormal cells or areas that may need treatment. Colposcopy is a vital part of cervical care, helping to detect changes early and prevent potential complications.

When is a colposcopy recommended?

Your doctor or nurse may suggest a colposcopy if:

• Your cervical screening (smear test) has shown abnormal cells.
• You have bleeding between periods, after sex, or after menopause.
• There are visible changes to the cervix during a routine examination.
• You have persistent vaginal discharge or other symptoms that need investigation.

It’s important to remember that abnormal screening results don’t mean you have cancer, but a colposcopy helps confirm if further monitoring or treatment is needed.

Preparing for a colposcopy

Preparing for a colposcopy is straightforward, and your doctor or nurse will explain everything in detail. Here’s what you can expect:

• Timing: Ideally, the procedure is scheduled when you’re not on your period to ensure the clearest view of the cervix.
• Avoid certain products: Avoid vaginal creams, tampons, or having sex for 24 hours before the procedure.
• Pain relief: Although a colposcopy isn’t usually painful, you may want to take mild painkillers like ibuprofen or paracetamol beforehand to ease any discomfort.
• Ask questions: Take this opportunity to raise any concerns or ask questions so you feel prepared and confident.

You can eat and drink as normal before the procedure, and you won’t need a general anaesthetic.

What happens during the procedure?

A colposcopy is a quick outpatient procedure, usually taking about 15-20 minutes. Here’s what happens step by step:

• Getting ready: You’ll be asked to lie on an examination table, with your feet placed in supports. A speculum (like the one used for a smear test) is gently inserted into the vagina to hold it open.
• Examining the cervix: The doctor uses a colposcope, which stays outside the body, to magnify and examine your cervix. A special solution may be applied to highlight any abnormal areas.
• Taking a biopsy (if needed): If abnormal cells are seen, a small tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken for further testing. This may feel like a brief pinch or cramp.
• Finishing up: Once the examination is complete, the speculum is removed, and you’ll be able to get dressed and go home soon after.

The procedure is usually painless, but you might feel some mild discomfort, similar to period cramps, particularly if a biopsy is taken.

Benefits of a colposcopy

A colposcopy is an essential procedure that helps ensure your cervical health is carefully monitored and managed. Key benefits include:

• Early detection of abnormal cells: Identifying changes early allows for timely treatment and prevents potential complications.
• Minimally invasive: The procedure is quick, straightforward, and does not require a hospital stay.
• Peace of mind: Colposcopy provides reassurance by thoroughly investigating symptoms or screening results.

Are there any risks or complications?

Colposcopy is a very safe procedure, but as with any medical examination, there are small risks, including:

• Light bleeding or spotting for a day or two, especially if a biopsy is taken.
• Mild cramping or discomfort after the procedure.
• Infection (rare) – watch for signs such as foul-smelling discharge, heavy bleeding, or fever, and contact your doctor if this occurs.

Your doctor will provide clear aftercare advice to help reduce any risks and ensure a smooth recovery.

Recovering after a colposcopy

Recovery after a colposcopy is usually quick, and most women can return to normal activities straight away. If a biopsy was taken, here’s what you can expect:

• Bleeding and discharge: You may experience light bleeding or brown discharge for a few days. Using sanitary pads (not tampons) is recommended.
• Avoid certain activities: Refrain from sex, tampons, or swimming for about 3-5 days to allow the cervix to heal.
• Pain relief: Mild cramping can be eased with over-the-counter pain relief like paracetamol or ibuprofen.

If you experience heavy bleeding, severe pain, or any unusual symptoms, contact your doctor.

What happens after the procedure?

Once your colposcopy is complete, your doctor will explain what happens next. If a biopsy was taken, the tissue sample will be sent to a laboratory for further analysis. Results are typically available within 2-4 weeks, and your doctor will contact you to discuss the findings. Based on the results, you may need:

• No further treatment if the results are normal.
• Monitoring with regular cervical screenings to keep an eye on any changes.
• Treatment to remove abnormal cells and reduce the risk of cervical cancer if needed.