Cervical Screening - Smear Test

What is cervical screening (smear test)?

Cervical screening, also known as a smear test, is a simple and quick procedure to check the health of your cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the womb, connecting to the vagina. Cervical screening is not a test for cancer but is designed to detect abnormal cell changes early, which could develop into cervical cancer if left untreated.

The test involves taking a small sample of cells from the cervix, which is then analysed for high-risk HPV (human papillomavirus), the main cause of cervical cancer. Detecting and treating abnormal cells early can prevent cancer from developing.

Cervical screening is recommended for women and people with a cervix aged 25 to 64 and is a vital part of maintaining your long-term health.

When is cervical screening recommended?

Cervical screening is offered at regular intervals as part of routine healthcare:

• Ages 25 to 49: Every 3 years.
• Ages 50 to 64: Every 5 years.

You may also be invited for a cervical smear sooner if:

• You have had previous abnormal results.
• You experience bleeding between periods, after sex, or after menopause.
• You have symptoms such as unusual vaginal discharge.

Regular cervical screening is one of the best ways to protect yourself from cervical cancer by catching any changes early.

Preparing for cervical screening

Cervical screening is a straightforward test, and being prepared can help you feel more at ease. Here’s what you can expect:

• Timing the test: Aim to schedule your appointment for a time when you’re not on your period, as this ensures the clearest sample.
• Avoid certain products: Refrain from using vaginal creams, lubricants, or tampons for at least 24 hours before your test.
• Ask questions: If you feel nervous or have any concerns, talk to your nurse or doctor beforehand.

Remember, the test only takes a few minutes, and your healthcare team will help you feel as comfortable as possible.

What happens during cervical screening?

Cervical screening is a quick and routine test that takes about 5-10 minutes. Here’s what happens step by step:

• Getting ready: You’ll be asked to undress from the waist down and lie on the examination couch. A sheet is usually provided for modesty.
• Using a speculum: A small instrument called a speculum is gently inserted into your vagina. This opens the vagina slightly so the cervix can be seen.
• Taking the sample: A soft, small brush is used to collect a sample of cells from the cervix. This may feel slightly uncomfortable but shouldn’t be painful.
• Finishing up: Once the sample is taken, the speculum is removed, and you can get dressed.

The collected sample is sent to a laboratory to check for high-risk HPV and any abnormal cells.

Benefits of cervical screening

Cervical screening is one of the best tools for protecting your cervical health. Key benefits include:

• Early detection: Identifies abnormal cells before they become cancerous.
• Preventing cervical cancer: Treating changes early reduces the risk of cancer developing.
• Quick and simple: The test is quick, usually taking less than 10 minutes.
• Reassurance: Regular screening helps give you peace of mind about your health.

Are there any risks or side effects?

Cervical screening is a very safe procedure. However, you may experience:

• Mild discomfort or spotting immediately after the test. This is normal and should settle within a day.
• Anxiety about the results: It’s natural to feel nervous, but most results come back normal. If abnormal cells are found, further tests or treatments will be arranged.

It’s important to note that cervical screening is a preventive test. Detecting changes early gives you the best chance of avoiding more serious health concerns.

Understanding your results

Your cervical screening results are usually available within 2 weeks. Here’s what they might mean:

• HPV negative: No HPV was found, and you’ll be invited for your next routine screening.
• HPV positive with no abnormal cells: You’ll be invited for another test in 12 months to monitor any changes.
• HPV positive with abnormal cells: Further tests, such as a colposcopy, will be arranged to examine your cervix more closely.

Your doctor or nurse will explain your results and what they mean for you. If further treatment is needed, rest assured that early intervention is highly effective.